商務省、英国の新貿易途上国貿易スキームを生産者・輸出業者に説明

商務省は火曜日、英国がカンボジアを含む後発開発途上国貿易に対して2023年6月19日に発効した後に提供した途上国貿易スキームの顕著な点を現地の生産者に対して明確にする声明を発表した。

同高官は、英国が2020年初頭に欧州連合から離脱した後、後発開発途上国に無税・無割当を提供するために、もはや欧州連合の下で腕以外のすべてだけを適用するのではなく、世界貿易機関の加盟国に代わって一般化された優先スキームも適用していると指摘した。

カンボジア貿易省のPenn Sovicheat長官の昨日のKhmer Timesのインタビューによると、英国はDCTSを適用し、カンボジアを含む発展途上国にこれらの貿易特恵を提供するだけでなく、より簡単な原産地規則や、現地供給原材料の使用許可(金額ベースで25%、非原産地原材料の使用許可(75%まで))を提供している。

「旧制度のいくつかの特徴は簡素化されていませんが、この新しい取り決めによって簡単になりました。例えば、我々は彼らが設定した国から輸入された原材料を使用する必要がありましたが、現在では、より簡単に他の国から原材料を輸入することが許可され、国内のものを使用することは少なくなっています。」

Sovicheat氏はさらに、途上国貿易スキームは関税分類を4-6桁まで変更し、カンボジアからの輸入品に課される関税も変更すると付け加えた。これは、カンボジアが国際市場における競争力を強化し、英国市場への工業製品および農産物の輸出を促進するのに役立つと期待されている。

Sovicheat氏は「二国間貿易の数字を引き合いに出し、カンボジアからイギリスへの輸出額は今年の最初の8ヶ月間で前年同期比15.83%減の約5億2,800万ドルになったが、輸入額は5,978万ドルから約6,100万ドルと2%近く増加した」と述べた。

しかし、2023年の最初の8ヶ月間にカンボジアが英国に輸出した製品のトップである衣料品の輸出額は、期間中に15.61%減少し、4億8,608万ドルから4億1,022万ドルになり、英国からカンボジアに輸入した製品のトップである医薬品は、20.53%減少し、323万ドルから256万ドルになった。

英国国際貿易省のアン=マリー・トレベリアン国務長官は、発展途上国との自由で公正な貿易を発展させる大きな節目となるこの制度は、33億人以上の人々が暮らす新興経済国との長期的で互恵的な関係を築くという英国のコミットメントを示すものであると述べた。
トレビアンによると、途上国貿易スキームは65カ国に適用され、英国への輸出に対してより低い関税とより簡素な原産地規則を提供する。この制度は、各国が輸出を多様化し、経済を成長させるのを助けると同時に、英国の家計と企業は、より低い価格とより多くの選択肢から利益を得ることができる。

また、関税を削減し、より多くの国が最も寛大な関税削減の対象となることで、企業の管理コストも削減される。また、後発開発途上国の原産地規則の要件を簡素化するなど、開発途上国のお役所仕事も削減する。これにより、世界で最も貧しい国々が英国に輸出し、急成長するグローバル・サプライ・チェーンでより積極的な役割を果たすことができるようになります。

「また、低所得国および低中所得国からの輸入関税を引き下げることで、英国企業のコスト削減を支援し、さまざまな日常製品において消費者の価格引き下げにつながります。貿易の拡大と関税の引き下げは、政府が企業や個人の生活費増加を支援するもうひとつの方法です」とトレベリアン氏は述べた。

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